Since May 6, 2025, all versions of this have been sent to Corinna Barrett Lain and thousands of others, with Lain keeping it, all, from you, classic anti-death penalty FEMS (Fraud, Errors and Mis-directions), as her 7 years of research confirms. Since 1982, after 43 years of research, judicial opinions have rejected everything in Lain's book, which is why the courts continue to approve lethal injection. Obvious. If some of the material, in Lain's book, has not been presented to the courts, my guess is that it would be viewed as a fraud upon the court. Ask her.
=======
To: Professor Corinna Barrett Lain, U of Richmond Law School
Media throughout the world
New York U Press & Michigan Law Review
All Professors, Students, Staff & Law Librarians, U of Richmond Law School, U of Nebraska Law School & St. Mary's University School of Law, Henrico County Commonwealth Attorney’s Office, University of Bologna (Bologna, Italy), University of Cologne Institute for Comparative Criminal Law. more at bottom
Book Reviewers, Book Tour Hosts and others for the Subject Book:
Talking with Donato, C-SPAN, All Good Books (Columbia, South Carolina), South Carolinians for Alternatives to the Death Penalty, French Coalition Against the Death Penalty, Longreads, Charlotte E. Rosen (historian, writer, and editor), All at Richmond Law Magazine, Prof. Lawrence B. Solum (research specialist, U of Virginia Law School & Legal Theory Blog), The Baffler, All Good Books (Columbia, South Carolina), Parallax Views w/ J.G. Michael, Patty Roberts (Dean, St. Mary's University School of Law and All Students, Staff and Professors at the law school and the Criminal Justice and Criminology Dept., St. Mary's U, & Host, Aspen Leading Edge Podcast), Libraries in Oklahoma and Tennessee, more later & at bottom
PLEASE FORWARD TO ALL OF THOSE ON DEATH ROW
Her Book: Secrets of the Killing State: The Untold Story of Lethal Injection,
by Corinna Barrett Lain, NYU Press, 2025
Re: Book Tour, Part 1
‘Secrets of the Killing State’ exposes realities of lethal injection, host Lee Rawles,
ABA Journal, Modern Law Library, April, 2025, via Legal Talk Network,
‘"Secrets of the Killing State’ exposes realities of lethal injection"
From: Dudley Sharp, independent researcher, (pro) death penalty expert, former opponent, 832-439-2113, CV at bottom
Preface
This is a thorough rebuttal and review of Lain from just one of Lain's book tour discussions. I will get to many, likely, revealing only 1 or 2 standout problems, for each, for time's sake, and without duplication.
Lain's book tours will define her as much as her book will. It's the same person, which is why I am concentrating on her book tours and some book reviews.
I would love to write a book review, if Lain or NYU Press would forward a copy.
Lain, a law school professor, states that she is a 18 year death penalty expert, has researched lethal injection for 7 years and is a legal and constitutional historian and that her book is the product of "relentlessly documenting".
Meaning, Lain knows everything that I do, a huge problem, for her.
What you will see, with Lain, is the anti-death penalty norm, FEMS (Fraud, Errors and/or Mis-directions), . . . and we start with a doozy.
=======
1) Lain: "the Supreme Court struck down the death penalty, itself."
Sharp: Untrue. SCOTUS did not strike down the death penalty as unconstitutional and, never, has. Within Furman v Georgia (1972), SCOTUS- struck down all statutes which governed the death penalty, not "the death penalty, itself". Why? The violation of due process. Everything about the majority 5-4 ruling in Furman was about the process used to award the death penalty, not "the death penalty itself". The ruling was that "the process, itself", the legal statutes, in all jurisdictions, was a violation of the 8th Amendment (1).
The book tour host is Lee Rawles, who has been a reporter and asst. editor with the ABA Journal (American Bar Assoc.) for 15 years. She should know all of this. The problem? I suspect the anti-death penalty position is more important to the ABA than are the ethics of journalism. We will see, won't we. Rawles? ABA Journal?
Furman, clearly, obviously did not negate the provisions of the 5th and 14th amendment, both of which have specific references to the death penalty, which is constitutional, with due process (1). Lain and Rawles, unaware?
14th Amendment,, Section 1: " . . . nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process . of law . . .". (1).
5th Amendment: "No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, . . . nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; . . .".
A succinct, accurate review of Furman and due process, here (1). Lain and Rawles, read it.
Striking down "the death penalty itself" is very different than striking down the process of imposing the death penalty, the laws, which is what Furman did (1). The difference is huge, as all constitutional historians and death penalty experts know (1), except Lain? Rawles?
The states, the military and federal governments passed new laws, to reinstate the death penalty, in law, which started, for three states, in 1976, with Gregg v Georgia, which found that those revised state statutes, by guided discretion, the process, were constitutional (1). SCOTUS did not POOF, make the death penalty, itself, constitutional again, after POOF (not) declaring the death penalty, itself, unconstitutional.
What SCOTUS did was to accept that three states had provided constitutional due process, within their new laws, so that they could use the, always, constitutional death penalty, once, again.
Lain? Rawles?
=======
EXTRA: How often does Lain do this? Fact check and vet, here (2). You will see how often FEMS is the anti-death penalty norm and, then, visit Lain's website. For example:
Lain, repeats a very well known anti-death penalty fraud:
"200: the number of exonerations from death row"
Rebuttal: The Death Row "Exonerated"/"Innocent" Frauds
71-83% Error/Fraud Rate in Death Row "Innocent"/"Exonerated" Claims,
Well Known Since 1998
The Death Row "Exonerated"/"Innocent" Frauds
Such confirms Lain either 1) promotes well known anti-death penalty frauds and/or 2) puts her name behind them, with no interest in fact checking or vetting . . . or are there other options? Lain?
Will Lain keep that on her website? My prediction? As a FEMS standard, absolutely. Lain?
She's the same person, book tour, book or personal website.
========
2) Lain: "Surely some guy didn't just make it up (the lethal injection protocol) at the top of his head, but alas that is exactly what happened."
Sharp: Nonsensical FEMS. The "some guy" was Dr. A. Jay Chapman, the former Oklahoma Medical Examiner, who created the protocol, and consulted a toxicologist and two anesthesiologists. Chapman didn't just "make it up at the top if his head", as Lain fantasizes.
It was not fantasy, but based within the well known science, as Lain must know or confesses her ignorance.
Chapman states the obvious ” ‘ . . .it didn’t actually require much research because the three chemicals – a painkiller, a muscle-paralyzing agent and a -heart-stopper – are well-known to physicians.’ ‘It is anesthetizing someone for a surgical procedure, but simply carried to an extreme.’ ‘If it is competently administered, there will be no question about this business of pain and suffering.’ “ (“Lethal Injection Father Defends Creation”, Paul Ellias, Associated Press, 5/10/07)
Chapman: "This protocol will work if it's administered as it should be" "If it is competently administered, there will be no question about this business of pain and suffering."
Blood circulates, throughout the entire body, every 20 seconds, meaning, it takes less time, 5-10 seconds. for the anesthesia, or other, to reach the brain, as detailed, later, herein.
Well known, true, easy to research and understand. But not by Lain? Ask her.
This, you know, "some guy", the medical examiner for a state, used the well known science, with three consulted experts, identified three, well known, proven drugs, with well known therapeutic (the norm) dose and overdosing effects.
This knowledgeable "some guy" is, precisely, correct. Any botched executions are by personnel and/or protocols, not the drugs. Lain must be aware.
Do your own research, just don't depend on Lain, who we can see is a major problem and will just get worse, as you will read. Then do your own fact checking, vetting and critical thinking, of me and Lain.
=====
EXTRA: REBUTTAL: "Secrets of the Killing State"
Bergen's book review, here, a disaster.
======
3) Lain: "This is a book about how lethal injection actually works, answering people’s question, why can’t states get this right? We know how to put down pets. We know how physician-assisted suicide works. Why is it so problematic? Why is it always in the news?"
Sharp: a) Let's start with "Why is it always in the news?"
Because the news are lap dogs to the anti-death penalty movement, as I prove, in detail in RESEARCH (2) and Media Disaster (3) and as well as these book tours and book reviews. Note Rawles.
It is, precisely, like the Russia collusion hoax, the 2020 election was stolen hoax, hiding what could not be hidden, Biden's cognitive decline, Hunter's lap top and the border is secure, all being exposed as news unethical collusions, a violation of journalism ethics, as everyone knows, with countless others.
This is no mystery. It's the same with the anti-death penalty movement, as detailed (2,3). No one should be surprised. It is standard news practice.
How do you know that is true, with the death penalty? First, fn 2 and fn 3. Then, you won't find any of my comments, or those of the many other pro-death penalty experts (2), in Lain's book tour or in the book reviews and you must fact check both Lain and me. As Lain is an expert, she knows what I know.
Every expert within this debate is well aware, whether they admit it or not. It is impossible not to know. See how often Lain is challenged on all the issues I bring up. So far, no one (that I have found) is fact checking nor vetting the book, in book reviews, or Lain, on her book tour. It's the journalism norm, now.
It's in plain sight. Any book tour host or book reviewer could do, precisely, what I have done, herein. They, simply, refuse (3). It's today's journalism ethics.
How can any book reviewer, of an "alleged" non-fiction book, offer an honest and accurate review of any book topics, for which they are not an expert? They cannot, of course. Basic. Unchallenged. Yet, they do it, year in and year out.
How about a reasonable disclaimer, for, 99.9%, of all non-fiction book reviewers:
"I am not an expert on this topic and, therefore, I am not qualified to confirm its non-fiction category". Honest, necessary, succinct. Therefore, it won't happen.
As an example, look at the Cameron Todd Willingham case, whereby an "alleged" true story, provided two major journalism awards for the author, with no apparent fact checking nor vetting, by the author or by the two renowned journalism entities giving those awards. The author duplicated that with another, alleged, non-fiction book, as detailed, here:
Cameron Todd Willingham: Media Colludes w/ the Anti-death Penalty Movement A Compilation
That is the state of news and journalism, at least on this topic, but on how many others?
In Gallup’s latest survey 69% say they don’t trust the media at all (36%) or do not have much trust in the media (33%). (Gallup, Feb, 2025). We should all be surprised it is that low.
How could Lain not be aware, just as with all my comments, if an expert? And Rawles?
So far, for me, no Lain book tour host nor book review nor Lain will have any of my points, or those of other pro-death penalty experts (2), herein, and to follow, even though it is hard to fathom that Lain would be unaware of any of them, based upon her expertise, unless, really, a lack thereof. Which is it? And Rawles?
b) Lain, please tell us 1) how many times and what percentage of our beloved pets have "botched" euthanasia? You didn't tell us. Exactly. FEMS. Try here (4) 2) how many times and what percentage has there been a "botched" physician assisted suicide? You didn't tell us. Exactly. FEMS. Try here (5).
Lain, can you tell us if pet euthanasia and human assisted suicides are "botched" any more or less than the 1%, with lethal injection?
Critical thinking is all it takes to see what Lain is doing. Then research, fact check and vet everything Lain and I tell you.
=======
Rebuttal of Lethal Injection "Expert", Corinna Lain
========
4) Lain: - "By way of stagecraft? The one thing that I always think of aside from gurney and the white blanket and all of that is the fact that executioners actually swab the arm with alcohol before injecting the drugs that are going to kill this person. I always think like, right, so he’s going to get an infection. Why do you do that? There is absolutely no reason to do that other than stagecraft, pure stagecraft and states get a bump from the public associating lethal injection with a medical procedure, right?"
Sharp: 1) The obvious. Stays of executions are the rule, not the exception. So, of course, the responsible protocol is to prevent infection, when an execution might be stopped, at the last possible moment. Lain makes fun of being responsible and 2) Some find that the alcohol swab do two things, make the veins stand up better and it make them more easy to see (6).
Two good reasons for the alcohol swab. I suspect Lain, now, knows both. How did she not know, prior?
5) Lain: "Medical procedures are sterile and they’re careful and they’re regulated and they’re always humane because the medical profession is known for its humanity and love for humankind. And so there are all of these things that get associated with a medicalized death. And none of that’s true. It’s not a medical procedure, it’s not heavily regulated, it’s not careful, it’s not any of those things."
Sharp: Pathetic, with her "relentless documenting".
Medical procedures are careful, humane and heavily regulated? Well . . .
a) " . . . in 1995, a report in JAMA said that, "Over a million patients are injured in U.S. hospitals each year, and approximately 280,000 (innocents) die annually as a result of these injuries." Based upon 2008-2011 US data, " . . . the true number of premature deaths associated with preventable harm to patients was estimated at more than 400,000 (innocents) per year." (7), many with no concern for humanity and no love of humankind, as is obvious, but not to Lain. How? Very easy, it seems. Her relentless documenting. NOTE: The 400,000 doesn't specify patient error or medical professional error.
The US executes 33 guilty murderers, per year, on average (1976-2025).
b) Lain's careful and humane medical IV use: AI Overview, with all sources
"Intravenous (IV) procedures, while vital for delivering fluids and medications, can also lead to complications like infiltrations, extravasations, and nerve damage, potentially causing patient harm and even death. IV infiltration, where fluid leaks into the surrounding tissue, is a common issue, with failure rates ranging from 35% to 50%. Severe complications, including nerve damage and even amputation, can result from IV extravasation." (8).
Even anti-death penalty FEMS put the botched lethal injection rate at only 7%, It's really 1%.
Lain, does it matter that "botched" executions are less likely than botched medical IVs, which proves that it is more likely that we will have a higher percentage of botched medical IVs, with medically trained medical personnel than we will have within lethal injection, with medically licensed or non-medically licensed personnel , who are trained by medical personnel. or, maybe, secretly, there are always medical personnel. Lain?
Of course it matters that guilty murderers are better treated than are innocent patients, but, we have this: It is much more difficult to work with sick patients and to make them well, than it is to execute guilty murderers or assist others in committing suicide.
c) medical deaths via anesthesia
"Each year in the United States, anesthesia/anesthetics are reported as the underlying cause in approximately 34 (innocent) deaths and contributing factors in another 281 (innocent) deaths . . . " (9), or 1700 and 14,050 innocent deaths, over 50 years.
The US executes 33 guilty murderers/yr., on average. How many can Lain prove are botched lethal injections? Maybe 1%, which is 14, in 43 years, 1982-2025 and no proof of the factually innocent executed, in the US, in the modern era, 1976 forward and a big MAYBE as recently as 1915.
Lain?
======
EXTRA: Media and Prof. Lain Disaster:
Nitrogen Hypoxia & Scientific American
=======
6) Lain: "Support for the death penalty is support in the abstract. Lethal injection keeps the death penalty abstract. It allows people to think of the death penalty as just an idea, right? It’s an idea, it’s something that you disagree with or agree with, but it’s more conceptual. So it allows it to stay abstract conceptual, which allows the political uses to flourish while hiding the brutality that executions entail."
Sharp: Repulsive. Lain pleads that we view the rape, torture and murder of our children in the abstract, when , nearly, all of us knows it is visceral, eternal and it hits beyond words, to the bottom of our souls, as do all murders of the innocent.
How does Lain not know that? Most likely, a very common, anti-death penalty defect. much more care and concern for guilty murderers than their innocent murder victims (10). Not only do they want them to be abstract, they want the innocents murdered to vanish from the debate (10).
Why do unanimous juries and countless jurors, in non unanimous juries, vote for the death penalty when each juror knows that they are voting for the death of a human, as the most just sanction. Justice, arguably, the greatest of all human goals and accomplishments. Nothing abstract about it.
Not, remotely, in the abstract, is death penalty support of 95-99% (11) by those who have lost loved ones in a capital, death penalty option murders. That is non-scientific polling, but, highly, credible and believable, when we have 86% death penalty support, with scientific polling (12).
======
EXTRA: See how many of Lain's cost studies, on her website, again, rebutted here and ask her which ones she fact checked and vetted. Then have her produce it. Read Texas and California, first
Saving Costs with The Death Penalty
https://prodpinnc.blogspot.com/2013/02/death-penalty-cost-saving-money.html
https://prodpinnc.blogspot.com/2013/02/death-penalty-cost-saving-money.html
=======
7) Lain says she wasn't aware of all the secrecy in the lethal injection protocols because, it was a secret. Yet, to all other death penalty experts, legislators, media, legal groups and on and on and on, it was well known.
Sharp: The anonymity of executioners has been known for hundreds if not thousands of years, which is understood, for the same practical reasons, today.
Because of that secrecy, there may be unknown medically trained personnel in all lethal injection executions, (1982) forward, but we wouldn't know of them, would we, Lain?
The secrecy of drug sources is for two obvious, practical reasons: the first being harassment, the same reason as used to protect executioners, for centuries. and the second being that there has to be drugs available for legal executions and there can't be, with harassment, therefore the identity of the drug providers must be hidden for the exact same reason as for the executioner. Obvious, but not to Lain?
=======
EXTRA: Future Issues, Preview (at bottom)
Lain: a) The Hippocratic Oath does not allow medical personnel to participate in executions, further supported by the well known "do no harm" within that Oath.
Sharp reply: a) The Hippocratic Oath bans both abortion and assisted suicides, but not the death penalty (7). "Do no harm" is nowhere in that Oath and applies only to patients in a medical setting (7), found in another Hippocrates writing (7)
=======
8) Lain: Speaking of an international supplier of lethal injection drugs: "Of course, Chris Harris doesn’t have any sort of specialized expertise at all. He’s not a scientist, he’s not a pharmacologist, he’s not any of these positions. And then they went and tracked the other address that he used for the DEA and it was a flat that he was living at and he had taken off six months earlier without paying his rent. So it’s just like these are the people, these are the sort of supplier and that’s just the international side."
Sharp: Lain attacks them, personally, but doesn't tell us the, only, thing that matters. Did they, ever, deliver drugs that were not as promised? Lain did not mention that, which makes me suspect that they were reliable, or she would have stated, otherwise. Lain?
Were they middlemen who did their jobs, correctly, with regard to lethal injection drug delivery? They are delivery middlemen, with not need of scientific or medical expertise, whose, only, needed expertise was the delivery of the drugs requested. I have, never, heard that they failed to deliver the drugs, as ordered, the only thing that matters. Lain?
Even, if the drugs delivered were not as advertised, that would not be the delivery company's responsibility, but that of the party that prepared the drugs. Obvious. But, again, I have not heard of a lack of delivery or that the drugs were not as ordered.
I am not well versed on this and am, only, relying on what the untrustworthy media or Lain provided. Lain, any factual corrections?
Lain, really, doesn't like non-scientists or non-medical personnel discussing medical or scientific issues, as here
Lain complains that Michael Copeland, a criminal justice professor, "who co-authored a white paper on (nitrogen hypoxia executions)" . . . “He’s not a doctor. He doesn’t have any medical training. He’s not a scientist."(13).
For Lain, this falls under her hypocrisy banner, not FEMS. Lain a law professor, is not a doctor, has no medical training and is not a scientist, yet here she is, an "expert" on lethal injection, but tells you she can't be, at the same time, if her description of Copeland was sincere. It was FEMS. No sincerity, whatsoever. It's bad for others, but not for Lain. Take a bow. Same person book tour or book.
Copeland was one of three authors, inclusive of Thom Parr, MS and Christine Papas, J.D., PhD, collectively, maybe as qualified, or more, to speak on nitrogen hypoxia, than Lain is to speak on lethal injection, if going by her book tour and the one book review, herein.
Lain did not and could not find any errors within Copeland's et al paper, or we would have heard of them, so attack him (them), personally, instead. FEMS.
Read it: Nitrogen Induced Hypoxia as a Form of Capital Punishment,
That's who and what we are dealing with, with Lain, book tour or book. Same person.
9) Lain's comparison of compounding vs manufacturing drugs, within lethal injection, is irrelevant, as there is no case where it was found that compounding drugs caused a botched execution, the only thing that matters, with regard to Lain's book. All botched executions have been caused by personnel, not the drugs.
I provide medical/scientific reviews, of compounding vs manufactured drugs, by real scientists, not Lain, with a very different view from Lain, here:
"Compounded medications allow for customized, flexible, and precise dosing and are necessary when an FDA-approved drug product is not available or appropriate or for which the usual strength or route of delivery must be altered." from
"Pros and Cons of Pharmacy Compounding", Donna M. Lisi, PharmD, BCPS, BCGP, BCPP, BCACP, from Hackensack Meridian Health, within U.S.Pharmacist, November 19, 2021
"Compounding pharmacies are phenomenal" from
9 Pros and Cons of a Compounding Pharmacy at HRF (Health Research Funding), watch both videos, with medical or scientific experts
What Lain left out regarding the FDA and drug manufacturers:
In 2004, Food and Drug Administration’s Office of Drug Safety, stated: “The approval of rofecoxib (Vioxx, US) by the US FDA has led to the single greatest drug safety catastrophe in the history of this country or the history of the world."
With FDA approved drugs and manufacturers, a vast minimum of 100,000 innocents deaths, countless, innocent millions injured, with 12.000-30,000 additional innocent strokes, with one approved drug, with a vast minimum of $31 billion in awards, legal fees and fines for criminal wrongdoing, managers found to have fraudulently distributed misbranded and adulterated drugs, with an FDA doctor who voiced concern over the drug, later removed from his position at the behest of Warner-Lambert, an action that delayed the recall process injuring more innocents and more and more and more.
all here:
The Ten Worst Drug Recalls In The History Of The FDA, Douglas A. McIntyre, 24/7 WallSt.com, December 10, 2010 5:02 am Last Updated: April 28, 2020 7:30 am
5 Famous Drug Recalls in US History & Why They Happened By Handler, Henning & Rosenberg LLC, March 14, 2022 5 Significant Drug Recalls in US History & Why They Happened
=====
EXTRA: Ask Lain if she fact checked, vetted and used critical thinking with any of her "Death Penalty Facts" issues, on her personal website, https://corinnalain.com/death-penalty-facts/
Lain: This, for example: "Last: what a nationwide survey of police chiefs ranked the death penalty as necessary for effective law enforcement".
Sharp: What Lain left out. The most lying anti-death penalty group, DPIC, put the poll together, where the death penalty had to be last, because, it has the fewest of crimes. What Lain left out? 92% of the police chiefs support the death penalty.
figure 5, pg 15, , THE FRONT LINE: Law Enforcement Views on
the Death Penalty , The Death Penalty Information Center,
=====
10) Lain discusses the violence of sedation, deep sedation, unconsciousness, sleep, coma then death, for murderers, within lethal injection (10). Well, no, she "forgot" all of that (10). All she discussed was the "internal violence" of lethal injection on the insides of an unconscious murderer. Of course.
Picture that next to 22 year old Joy Stewart, nearly 8 month pregnant, a newlywed, anally and vaginally raped, with her carotid artery and jugular vein, cut wide open, almost decapitated, as the knowledge of her own pending murder, as that of her unborn son, Carl, - overwhelming, desperate horror, as the blood pumped, then trickled, out of her body.
Joy's husband Kenny committed suicide before he was cleared of suspicion in the case. Joy's parents both passed away and are buried next to her. Her murdered unborn son, Carl, who would have been 36, this year, 2025, was buried with her.
“The grief of (Joy's murder) destroyed my parents,” her sister’s letter says. “They never fully recovered and both died know(ing) that her killer still lived.”
Lain, look it up yourself - make it non-abstract. Joy, Carl and Kenny deserve it.
Don't make it abstract, the anti-death penalty pattern (10). Don't allow it. It is a foul.
A real case, as so many others, seen by Lain, as in the abstract and, Lain, really wants you to embrace that the innocents murdered and their loved ones are abstract. She is all about minimizing them, as abstract, but lets worry about the poor sadistic murderers and be sure not to look at them in the abstract, which is, exactly what she appears to be selling, the pattern (10).
Much media, much academia and death penalty opponents, only, want you to care about the alleged, suffering, poor murderer of Joy and Carl, even though there as no proof of his suffering (14). That is how foul death penalty opponents and those in the media, often, the same, can be (10, 14).
Do a search. You can find countless stories of the false "horror" of rapist, torturer, murderer Dennis McGuire's execution, but, only, one, like this (14).
Why? It is an anti-death penalty requirement to minimize or "ghost" the innocents murdered, even though it is the precise, only reason that we give the death penalty, the opposite of abstract (10).
Lain, as all of us, know that it is the innocents murdered, and the circumstances of their murders, that define why juries and judges give the death penalty. Not, remotely, abstract,
For me, 9/11, Timothy McVeigh's mass murder bombing in Oklahoma City, school mass murders, or the Stewart deaths I, just described, is the very real, non-abstract, reason we give death sentences. The single innocent person murdered, in any case, is no less, nor more important than any individual murdered in a mass or serial murder, all of whom had lives and loves to look forward to, that were stolen, from them, as all who cared for them. They should, never, be looked at in the abstract, absent care, empathy and sorrow, but we have death penalty opponents, constantly minimizing them. The pattern, followed by Lain. (10).
11) Lain: ". . . in 84% of those autopsies where the prisoner was executed by lethal injection, and 84% of the time, the autopsy showed a curious finding acute pulmonary edema. Pulmonary edema is when fluid seeps into the lungs. And that is not so rare, but acute pulmonary edema is when that happens in seconds and minutes rather than hours or days or weeks. And this is very distressing because you have the person has fluids seeping into their lungs and they are literally drowning in their own fluids. And so researchers found this."
Sharp: All of this was left out of Lain's comments, regarding the study (15). Maybe Lain covered them all in her book. Lain?
Lain presents us with a study (15), which left all of this out. I presume, with cause, it was on purpose. Lain has researched lethal injection for 7 years, so she should know all of this:
The 39 points the four authors left out. There are more.
This is for all three authors Zivot, Edgar and Lubarsky (15) (and four, with Lain, an expert?)
All of these took seconds to find, overtime. Anyone can confirm that. Easily,
Am I surprised? Not in the least.
Unless specified, otherwise, all quotes are from "Midazolam', by Thejasvi N. Lingamchetty; Seyed Alireza Hosseini; Abdolreza Saadabadi, National Library of Medecine, NCBI Bookshelf, Last Update: June 5, 2023. Midazolam - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
The 39 points the four authors left out. There are more.
1) The study Lain presents was, allegedly, not aware of deaths, by midazolam, alone. There were such deaths, prior to that study and others, prior to Lain's publishing date. Lain, look them up now, since you were not interested, prior . . . nor since? Easy to find.
2) Midazolam is a benzodiazepine. "A total of 118,208 benzodiazepine-involved overdose deaths occurred between 2000 and 2019." "Opioids were co-involved in 83.5% of the deaths. Nine percent of benzodiazepine-involved overdose deaths (about 11,000) did not involve opioids, cocaine, other psychostimulants, barbiturates, or alcohol. Overdose deaths were classified as suicides in 8.5% of cases with benzodiazepine and opioid co-involvement and 36.2% of cases with benzodiazepine but not opioid involvement.". Benzodiazepine-Involved Overdose Deaths in the USA: 2000-2019 - PubMed
3) Midazolam is one of the most powerful benzodiazepines, with fast onset.
4) Alprazolam and clonazepam are the two most frequently encountered benzodiazepines within the illicit market, recording the most deaths, by benzodiazepines.
5) Midazolam, rarely found on the illicet market, is more powerful and has a faster onset than both of those.
6) "36.2% of (death by suicide) cases with benzodiazepine but not opioid involvement."
7) "Almost all the pharmacological effects (of therapeudic midazolam), including sedation, anxiolysis (relieves anxiety), anterograde amnesia, and anticonvulsant effect are explainable through its action on GABA receptors." "GABA receptors have been identified electrophysiologically and pharmacologically in all regions of the brain."
8) For midazolam, "For intravenous sedation, the dose is titrated at 0.05 to 0.15 mg/kg." "Respiratory depression can happen with dose of 0.15 mg/kg." "For the perioperative use of midazolam, the induction dose is 0.15 to 0.40 mg/kg via the intravenous route".
9) For a 190 lb man, which is 86 kg, therefore 0.15mg/kg to 0.40mg/kg will have a dose of 13mg to 34mg.
10) The lethal injection dose of midazolam is 500mg, 15 to 35 times greater.
11) Midazolam is quick onset. The murderers will be sedated within 5-10 seconds, with deep sedation, sleep, unconscious, coma and/or death, thereafter.
12) IV anesthesia, or other, reaches the brain, very quickly: "The cycle happens fast—(with blood circulation) taking about 20 seconds for one complete round-trip under normal conditions." (16), or three full circulations, within a minute, with deep sedation, sleep, coma and/or unconsciousness and/or death, prior to any pain from pulmonary edema.
13) Pharmacologically and toxicalogically, there is no waking up, prior to, during and after the paralytic, with 500 mg of midazolam, properly administered, within lethal injection.
14) What I have found, with lethal injection and with some anti-death penalty folks, is that they want you to believe that, magically, the well known therapeutic, overdose and massive and/or lethal overdose properties, of the drugs used, suddenly, disappear when used in lethal injection. They don't.
15) "Symptoms of (Midazolam) overdose include ataxia (poor muscle control, eye movements) , nystagmus (rapid, uncontrollable eye movements), hypotension (low blood pressure), slurred speech, impaired motor coordination, coma, and death.", as well as seizures, respiratory distress, no breathing, cardiac arrest and/or end of brain function.
16) Therapeudic dose, at 0.15mg/kg can cause respiratory distress, with midazaolam. A massive overdose, 500mg, can stop breathing.
17-18) How Midazolam Overdose Can Lead to Death:
- Respiratory Depression: Midazolam, like other benzodiazepines, can depress the central nervous system, which can lead to slowed or stopped breathing (respiratory depression). This is the primary way that a midazolam overdose can be fatal, as it can lead to a lack of oxygen and ultimately, death.
- Coma: Severe midazolam overdose can lead to a coma, a state of deep unconsciousness where the person cannot be awakened. This state further increases the risk of death due to the inability to maintain breathing and other bodily functions.
19) "In this setting, benzodiazepine use was more strongly associated with mortality than any other substance of abuse. Greater recognition of the safety concerns related to benzodiazepines and strategies to prevent diversion to illicit use are needed."
"During the study period, 2,802 participants were followed for a median of 67 months (interquartile range: 25–107). In total, 527 (18.8%) participants died, for an incidence density of mortality of 2.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.7, 3.2) deaths per 100 person-years. After adjusting for HIV infection and other potential confounders,
benzodiazepine use was independently associated with increased all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.86, 95% CI 1.38, 2.51) and had a higher risk for mortality than all other traditional substances of abuse among this population." Both from:
Put all that together and what do we have?
20) It is toxicologically and pharmacologically impossible for the murderer to feel pain from pulmonary edema, caused by a properly administered 500 mg IV massive and/or lethal overdose of midazolam.
21) If the 500mg dose of midazolam causes pulmonary edema, the murderer will go from sedation to deep sedation, to sleep to unconsciousness to coma and/or to death, all of which are stages which will occur prior to the stages of pulmonary edema causing pain, whether breathing, creating froth or not.
22) The four authors should know, pulmonary edema, with the increase in lung weight, can and does occur post mortem, as well.
23) The study's lung weights fall within 17% of the mean average, of all adult lung weights, and do not, necessarily, reflect a living murderer with pulmonary edema, but could be the norm, for the after death process or for the after death pulmonary edema.
"How Much Do Your Organs Weigh?" By Naveed Saleh, MD, MS Updated on January 28, 2025 Medically reviewed by David Strosberg, MD, How Much Do Your Organs Weigh?
24) The frothing, within the lungs or mouth can be caused by overdose or seizures, not just pulmonary edema, and may or should have been absorbed or liquified, prior to autopsy, depending upon the amount of time, after death. So, there is a question mark, here. Lain?
25) Death rattle: A gurgling or rattling sound that occurs due to the buildup of secretions (like saliva and mucus) in the throat and airways because the person is unable to swallow or cough effectively. I suspect that was most of Zivot's, et al, frothing.
26) Some states have a two drug. lethal injection protocol, with midazolam, first, hydromorphone, second, which is classified as a central nervous system (CNS) depressant. "Concomitant use of midazolam with other CNS depressants can result in severe respiratory depression and death even at therapeutic doses."
27) "The common adverse effects associated with (therapeudic) midazolam use are hiccoughs, cough, nausea, and vomiting." and respiratory distress, not "botched" but common side effects. Typically, death penalty opponents call the well known side effects of drug overdoses "botched", which is false, of course.
28) All movements, coughs, grunts, etc. are well known symptoms of seizure, respiratory depression and/or drug overdose, which is what lethal injection is, within this protocol, not "botched".
29) Agonal movements, the medical reference to what we commonly know as "death throes", the involuntary movements and noises that can occur as someone is nearing the end of life. These movements and sounds can be distressing to witness, but they are a normal part of the dying process and are typically not indicative of pain or discomfort in the dying person.
30) Agonal breathing, the irregular breathing involves short gasps for air and may sound like snoring, snorting, gasping, or labored breathing. It is a reflex triggered by the brainstem's attempt to get more oxygen when the body is shutting down, and is an involuntary reflexes and does not indicate that the person is consciously struggling or experiencing pain.
31) Terminal restlessness or agitation: Symptoms may include physical agitation, fidgeting, pulling at clothes or bedsheets, and involuntary muscle twitching or jerks and is an involuntary reflexes and does not indicate that the person is consciously struggling or experiencing pain.
32) Other movements and noises: These can vary but may include groaning, moaning, or other involuntary vocalizations, not indicating the person is consciously struggling or experiencing pain.
33) "Paradoxical effects of midazolam are possible in individuals with a history of alcohol abuse and aggressive behavior (murderers), potentially leading to involuntary movements, verbalization, uncontrollable crying, and aggressive behavior." A paradoxical effect is when a drug causes an effect contrary to what is normally expected.
34) Was there proof of pain or consciousness, in any of the executions, from the study, caused by the drugs, not personnel?
35) I did not review the one drug lethal injection drug protocol of pentobarbitol. There is no need to.
36) Dr. Joel Zivot, MD is one of the authors, within that study (15). I describe him, as an anti-death penalty activist, who happens to be an anesthesiologist - and an unreliable activist, here:
37) Co-author, of the study, Dr. Mark Edgar, MD was so anti-death penalty, we have this, from Edgar's obituary, from he and/or his loved ones:
"Mark had tremendous concern for human life and was known to many for his stand against capital punishment, especially by lethal injection. He testified as an expert witness in many trials, and lent these insights to the efforts of the Death Penalty Information Center (DPIC)."
NOTE: The death penalty/executions save and protect innocent lives, in six ways, better than does life without parole (LWOP) (17). Edgar's position will cause more harm and death to innocents. He did not research that very important issue. How not? A concern for innocent human lives would insist upon the execution of murderers.
and at the DPIC site: "Donate to the Death Penalty Information Center in Memory of Dr. Mark A. Edgar
DPIC is the major contributor to FEMS (fraud, error and mis-directions), within the anti-death penalty movement (18). It is impossible not to know that, if in the death penalty debate and if one has due diligence with fact checking, vetting and critical thinking (18).
Edgar either knew that or he skipped due diligence, on this topic. The same person, whether anti-death penalty or study.
Edgar was an expert in pathology and autopsy and, by all accounts, a wonderful human being. My condolences to all who cared for him.
38) With the notable exception, of leaving much of the above out of the study, I have found no additional anti-death penalty bias from the third co-author, Dr. David A. Lubarsky, a highly respected anesthesiologist.
39) We all have our biases. Readers must fact check, vet and use critical thinking, if truth matters, for any topic. You can depend on media/journalists to NOT do that for you or for their profession.
NOTE: I am a former death penalty opponent, who became pro-death penalty, after fact checking and vetting both sides of the debate, for two years, and updated, routinely, here (2,3). CV at bottom.
=======
This Zivot, et al, study reminds me of the Lancet (medical journal) disaster, herein:
Lethal Injection & Nitrogen Hypoxia: Controversies Resolved
=======
12) Lain: "As one court stated, they are suffering the deaths that are completely associated with water boarding."
Sharp: Lain, did you consider "completely associated"? Fascinating. Since when did those being waterboarded have an overdose of drugs, causing sedation, deep sedation, sleep, unconsciousness, coma and/or death, prior to the waterboarding? Did anyone ask Magistrate Judge Michael Merz how that works with "completely associated"? Just curious.
The judicial disasters within this debate, are well known (19). Lain, Rawles?
13) Lee Rawles: "And you did note that when prisoners are offered a choice between methods of execution and these sources are recorded, I think it’s Tennessee are brought up that the majority of prisoners choose the electric chair. So it does not seem like this is necessarily completely unknown to prisoners on death row."
a) Sharp: Fantastic comment. What is going on is that death penalty opponents do not want peaceful executions as such does not help their cause. Therefor, Lain, et al. will show and tell all of the Lain, et al, related lethal injection material and leave out all of my rebuttal and information.
The murderers will be terrified by the Lain, et al, material and, therefore, may chose a more painful and dramatic deaths, which death penalty opponents believe will help their cause, but which may harm the murderers, more.
For me, here is Lain's confirmation:
"Yeah, I think when members of the public hear that or hear about the prisoner in South Carolina who chose the firing squad, lethal injection has been so ingrained in us as this super humane, painless death that people are just shocked. How could you possibly? But those prisoners were asked, and we know that death by the electric chair is a gruesome death. We don’t need to go into details here, but it is the only execution method that two states have themselves said, this violates the cruel and unusual punishments clause of their state constitutions. So it’s a terrible death. And yet, as you know, five of seven prisoners that Tennessee has executed since 2018 chose the electric chair over lethal injection. Why? And when asked, what they said was, we know both deaths will be torturous, and our best bet is to make it quick. The death by electric chair generally takes under five minutes, often two to three minutes. Death by lethal injection is much longer. The average length of execution for the single shot, one drug protocol is 18 minutes . . .".
b) Sharp: Lain talks about the time to death, within lethal injection, while leaving out sedation and/or unconsciousness, within 5-10 seconds, followed by deep sedation, sleep, unconsciousness, coma and/or death and speaks about the gruesomeness of the other methods, just as I described.
Lain is telling us that death penalty opponents don't care about the suffering of the death row murderers, if the alleged suffering can help bring an end to the death penalty, similar to how they treat the loved ones of the innocents murdered (10).
If you think I am in error, do this:
I HAVE A SUGGESTION
Present this paper to all death row inmates and their attorneys. Let the death row inmates make a fully informed decision, not a one sided one, as Lain's, that may harm them, more. Fair?
Lain, NYU Press, will you?
14) Lee Rawles, at this point, describes why she is anti-death penalty, which, most likely, explains why all of the material I have presented, or that of other pro death penalty experts (1), was left out and of no interest whatsoever, often, today's journalism (3). Journalism ethics, gone and on how many other subjects?
15) Lain: Lain has a long section describing murderer's Brian Dorsey's death row career as a prison barber, whereby prisoners, guards and the warden were customers, all of whom befriended, cared for, and championed Dorsey, in efforts to have his death sentence commuted. I can sympathize and understand such a friendship, but this, I cannot:
ONE HUGE, EXPECTED, COMMON ANTI-DEATH PENALTY OVERSIGHT (10)
The names Sarah Bonnie and Ben Bonnie.
Prosecutors said that on the day the Bonnies were killed, Dorsey called his cousin Sarah, asking to borrow money to pay drug dealers who were at his apartment. Dorsey went to the Bonnies' home that night, and after they went to bed, prosecutors said, he took a shotgun from the garage and killed both of them before sexually assaulting Sarah's body. Police said Dorsey stole several items from the home to pay off some of his drug debt.
Sarah and Ben's four year old daughter, Jade, was in the home, not physically harmed, but with life long trauma, as all other family members. All abstract for Lain.
It is the norm, a common, intentional and disrespectful omission by death penalty opponents, wanting to hide what 12 jurors, unanimously found was the most just sanction available. Not, remotely, abstract.
Lain and Rawles follow a long known pattern of disrespect (10).
The only way for death penalty opponents to atone for that long known horror is to confess their error and prevent such wonton acts of cruelty, in the future, to include the names of those innocents murdered and their deaths, as well as the lives and loves of those left behind, in all writings regarding the death penalty, because it is those victims and their deaths which has created the justice of the death penalty.
Will death penalty opponents care? Some may, but anti-death penalty activists will care, not one bit (10), They have had a hundred years to reconsider their hateful tact and they have refused to change it. Keep it abstract.
Reconsider Lain's and Rawles' perspective on the Dorsey story, in two ways:
a) The mothers and fathers of all the prison guards, the warden and the prisoners had been shot-gunned to death, with sexual abuse of their corpses, for such generous and kind assistance. How would they feel, in exactly that situation? Likely, very much like this:
`
A statement from Sarah Bonnie’s family read:
“Not only did Jade lose her parents but we also lost a daughter and son, sister and brother, aunt and uncle, and a great aunt and great uncle to so many. They were loved so deeply by anyone that knew them. All of these years of pain and suffering we finally see the light at the end of the tunnel. Brian will get the justice that Sarah and Ben have deserved for so long.”
Lain, not abstract enough?
Did the warden, prisoner guards and prisoners ask the loved ones of Bonnie and Ben, first, what they would think of the efforts for clemency for the rapist, torturer, murderer? I'll ask. Likely not. Keep it abstract.
2) Is it possible, the only reason that Dorsey became a better man, is because he was on death row? Maybe. Knowing that you have done something so horrible, that you received man's ultimate condemnation will affect some, positively, but not all. Or it maybe that just getting drug free, for Dorsey, was enough.
Had Dorsey been remorseful and sympathetic to Jade and other Bonnie loved ones, he would have volunteered for execution, a long time ago.
Dorsey's final words:
"To all of the family and loved ones I share with Sarah and to all of the surviving family and loved ones of Ben, I am truly, deeply and overwhelmingly sorry. Words cannot hold the just weight of my guilt and shame. I still love you. I never wanted to hurt anyone. I am sorry I hurt them and you. To my family, friends, and all of those that tried to prevent this, I love you; I am grateful for you. I have peace in my heart in large part because of you and I thank you. To all those on ALL sides of this sentence, I carry no ill will or anger, only acceptance and understanding."
The "I never wanted to hurt anyone" and the "I carry no ill will or anger" was, most likely, enough to turn the knife a little bit more into the loved ones of the Bonnies.
That is what 18 years of self reflection did for Dorsey, he's not mad at the Bonnie family.
He intentionally, shot-gunned them to death, sexually assaulted Sarah's corpse. It was not an accident and he carries no ill will nor anger to the loved ones of the Bonnies.
A great guy and barber. What more do you need to overturn the juries sentence? The pattern (10).
Do I believe that horrendous, cruel, sadistic murderers can be rehabilitated? If not sociopaths or narcissists, yes. Does that eliminate the morality and ethics of punishment? Of course not.
Likely, the greatest expression of mercy and forgiveness, was exhibited by the Passion of the Christ. Yet, even He says, we all die because of sin, no matter the sin and no matter the death (21).
Huge, well known, and, intentionally, evaded.
Future Issues, Preview
I will be looking at and writing about many other book tours by Lain. I have listened to a few, with these three comments, by Lain, common death penalty opponent speak, meaning FEMS.
Lain: a) The Hippocratic Oath does not allow medical personnel to participate in executions, further supported by the well known "do no harm" within that Oath. b) Death row has a 4.1% rate of convicting actual innocents, c) death penalty deterrence has not been proven.
It appears that Lain didn't read, understand, fact check, vet and /or use critical thinking or Lain is, simply, following the normal anti-death penalty script, FEMS. Ask her.
a) The Hippocratic Oath bans both abortion and assisted suicides, but not the death penalty. "Do no harm" is nowhere in that Oath and applies only to patients in a medical setting (7), in another Hippocrates writing.
b) The 4.1% was calculated, using the well known foundation of lies, regarding the Death Penalty Information Center's "innocent"/"exonerated" list, which redefined both of those words, as if redefining lie as truth, and then stuffed a bunch of cases into those perverse re-definitions, well know since 1998, and, now, resulting in a 71-83% fraud rate in such claims (20).
c) Read: Death Penalty Deterrence: Defended & Advanced
In Closing
Lain is taking a leave of absence for a more intense book tour, causing relentless rebuttal.
Lain's "relentlessly documenting" means nothing, without fact checking, vetting and critical thinking.
=======
FN
1) The GOOGLE, AI response to "due process and Furman" was perfect. (I, often, don't like AI responses)
Highlights for Lain and Rawles.
"In Furman v. Georgia (1972), the Supreme Court struck down existing death penalty laws, finding them to be "cruel and unusual punishment" under the Eighth Amendment. The Court's ruling, based on the arbitrary and capricious application of these laws, also implicated the Fourteenth Amendment's due process clause, particularly concerning the lack of standards and guidelines for sentencing." "In essence, Furman v. Georgia highlighted the importance of both the Eighth Amendment's protection against cruel and unusual punishment and the Fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of due process in the context of capital punishment. The case emphasized that the application of the death penalty must be fair, consistent, and not arbitrary. "
Eighth Amendment: The core issue in Furman was the Eighth Amendment's ban on cruel and unusual punishment. The Court found that the death penalty, as it was being applied, did not meet this constitutional standard. The Court's concerns about the arbitrary application of the death penalty also implicated the due process clause, as it raised questions about the fairness and impartiality of the sentencing process.
Arbitrary and Capricious Application: The Court's concern was that the death penalty was being imposed in an arbitrary and inconsistent manner, with no clear standards or guidelines for juries to follow. This lack of consistency led to a "disproportionate" application, violating the Eighth Amendment.
Fourteenth Amendment Due Process: The Fourteenth Amendment's due process clause guarantees that states must treat all individuals fairly under the law.
Subsequent Cases: The Court later revisited the death penalty in cases like Gregg v. Georgia (1976), which upheld the constitutionality of capital punishment under certain conditions, ensuring more consistent and principled sentencing.
2) Research, w/sources, w/fact checking/vetting & critical thinking, as required of everyone in a public policy debate and which rebut all anti-death penalty claims.
The media/academic norm is to use anti-death penalty material, refuse to fact check or vet it and avoid all pro-death penalty research and experts. How will you know that is true? You haven't seen this material, prior.
The Death Penalty: Justice & Saving More Innocents
and
Students, Academics & Journalists: Death Penalty Research
(7 pro-death penalty experts are included)
600+ pro death penalty quotes from murder victim's families &
3300+ from some of the greatest thinkers in history
3) Media Disaster: Journalism's Death:
The Death Penalty & the Media
4) Do a GOOGLE search, for these three. Did Lain not?
botched dog euthanasia
botched pet euthanasia
botched animal euthanasia
One of, nearly, countless
Ending the use of gas chambers
5) Do a GOOGLE search, for these four. Did Lain not?
botched "assisted suicides"
botched euthanasia
torture euthanasia
torture "assisted suicide"
two of many
a) Europe’s sinister expansion of euthanasia
b) The Shadow Side of Assisted Suicide
6) Alcohol = Solution to your phlebotomy and cannulation problems
Wipes, Alcohol wipes - not vodka, Weekly IV Infusion, Habib Mahdi Apr 15, 2021,
Use of alcohol to dilate veins | IV-Therapy.net
an AI result with Google search - "alcohol swab" see raise veins" - , producing
AI Overview, with sources "Yes, applying an :alcohol swab to the skin before a venipuncture (blood draw) can make veins more visible. This is because alcohol can cause blood vessels to dilate (expand), making them larger and easier to see under the skin. Additionally, alcohol can reduce the skin's constrictive nature, further helping to make veins more prominent"
7) The Death Penalty & Medical Ethics Revisited
8) GOOGLE search - patient deaths and injuries IVs - May 15, 2025, 9:39 am CST
9) Epidemiology of Anesthesia-related Mortality in the United States, 1999–2005, Anesthesiology. 2009 Apr;110(4):759–765,
10) 30 Examples: How Death Penalty Abolitionists Value Murderers
More Than Their Innocent Victims:
AKA Full Rebuttal: Sir Richard Branson & His Death Penalty Comments
and
Anti-Victim/Anti Death Penalty Movement
11 & 12) The media and other anti-death penalty groups, have avoided these polls.
a) August 16, 2021
86% Death Penalty Support, Depending Upon Crime Committed
New Evidence of Broad Support for Death Penalty | RealClearPolicy
Joseph M. Bessette & J. Andrew Sinclair, RealClearPolicy August 16, 2021
These polls, above and below, reflect well known polls, for the last 20 years, showing much higher death penalty support than by the oft quoted, much less accurate Gallup, as even, Gallup reveals (see Gallup's McVeigh poll (below) vs their standard poll)
b) Death Penalty Polling
86% Death Penalty Support, Depending Upon Crime Committed
95-99% Support From Victim Survivors in Death Penalty Cases
c) 86% Death Penalty Support: Highest Ever - April 2013
World Support Remains High
95% of Murder Victim's Family Members Support Death Penalty
86% Death Penalty Support: Highest Ever - April 2013
95% of Murder Victim's Family Members Support Death Penalty
86% Death Penalty Support: Highest Ever - April 2013
13) Media & Prof. Lain Disaster: Nitrogen Hypoxia & Scientific American
Media & Prof. Lain Disaster: Nitrogen Hypoxia & Scientific American
14) The (Imagined) Horror of Dennis McGuire's Execution
The (imagined) Horror of Dennis McGuire's Executionv
The (imagined) Horror of Dennis McGuire's Executionv
and
No Botched Execution - Arizona
and
Rebuttal: Botched Executions
15) "Execution by lethal injection: Autopsy findings of pulmonary edema", Joel B. Zivot, Mark A. Edgar, David A. Lubarsky, doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.08.24.22279183
This article is a preprint and has not been peer-reviewed [what does this mean?] It reports new medical research that has yet to be evaluated and so should not be used to guide clinical practice
Sharp: I am unaware of an updated paper. Lain?
16) Atlantic Cardiovascular and all others
17) The Death Penalty: Saving More Innocent Lives
and
Deterrence, Death Penalties & Executions
18) See para 7, first, within
The Death Row "Exonerated"/"Innocent" Frauds
71-83% Error Rate in Death Row "Innocent" Claims,
Well Known Since 1998
and
What a mess - C-Span & The Death Penalty Information Center
19) Judicial Disaster: Their Anti-death Penalty Mess
20) The 4.1% "Innocent" on Death Row: More Nonsense
The 4.1% "Innocent' on Death Row: More Nonsense
21) Religion and The Death Penalty
======
======
Partial CV
bcc: Many more
NY Times, Washington Post, Washington Times, Washington Examiner, Wall Street Journal, The Conversation, Kansas City Star, Baltimore Sun, Associated Press, POLITICO, Chicago Sun-Times, AP, NEWSWEEK, The Marshall Project,VICE, The Texas Tribune, The New Republic, Texas Monthly, Dallas Morning News, Houston Chronicle, Texas Tribune, Austin-American Statesman, San Antonio Express News, Fort Worth Star-Telegram, Lufkin Daily News, WFAA, Houston Public Media, KHOU CBS TV (Houston), KPRC NBC TV (Houston), Texas Public Radio, Catholic News Agency (CNA), Texas Standard, KERA, KUT, KSTX, KUHF, TV 8, Spectrum News (Austin), La Crosse Tribune (Wisconsin), [[ News programs/reporters/producers: ABC, CBS, NBC, CNN, FOX, MSNBC]] , in US and Intl., and many more
UK: The Times & Sunday Times (UK), The Spectator, SKY News, Belfast Telegraph, Irish Times, The Scotsman, Irish Examiner, Byline Times, An Garda Siochana, Connacht Tribune, LADBIBLE, The Journal, Student Independent News, Galway Bay FM, FLIR FM, ThisIsGalway.ie, Galway Town Hall Theatre, Galway Advertiser, The Cast of The Exonerated & Galway Actors Workshop, and many more
More
Book Reviewers, Book Tour Hosts and others for the Subject Book:
